Solar energy is one of the components of renewable energy, which is a significant source of clean energy in many industries, particularly electricity generation and water desalination is solar energy. This work aims to apply a multi-criteria GIS method to identify the most suitable spatial locations for solar energy collection in Iraq in order to produce the energy required to generate electricity. Some of the required criteria and conditions, whether technical, environmental, or economic criteria, have been used. In order to identify the suitability of different regions, 6 criteria, including solar radiation, distance from power transmission lines, distance from major roads, distance from the residential area, elevation, slope, and land use, are identified. The final findings showed that the southern parts of Iraq, which are distinguished by high radiation (5.6 kWh/m2), moderate slope, closeness to major roads and network lines, and distance from cities, are the ideal sites for gathering solar energy. In addition, the study area was divided into regions, with a high suitability index covering 6.2% of the total area, which is a significant indicator of the potential for harvesting solar energy. This was followed by a moderate suitability index of 79.8%, a low suitability index of 8.4%, and unsuitable areas were identified at 5.3%.

Nowadays, we need to use renewable energy sources to generate power and support the growing demand for electricity and also to protect the environment from carbon gas. However, wind power is one of the alternatives for generating electricity. For this reason, our paper aims to achieve a functional, structural, and behavior description of a wind power systems using the systems modeling language SysML. In this paper, we start with presentation of wind power system. Next, we describe the systems modeling language SysML. Subsequently, we present the modeling results of wind power system based on SysML diagrams. Finally, concludes this paper with some prospects.

The goal of manufacturers today is to lower the costs of machining operations as much as possible by reducing energy consumption and increasing productivity while ensuring good surface condition. Thermoplastic polymers are widely used in several fields of engineering because of their good properties. In the present study, a metal carbide tool was used to machine a polyamide reinforced with 30% glass fiber (PA66-GF30%) specimen in a dry environment according to the Taguchi method with nine experiments (L9). Input parameters are cutting velocity (Vc), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (ap). The corresponding output performances are surface roughness (Ra), cutting force (Fz), cutting power (Pc) and material removal rate (MRR). The results were used to perform a multiobjective optimization of the operating conditions using the MCDM method, which is the classification method based on CoCoSo coupled with the Taguchi approach. The desired objective of this study concerned the minimization of (Ra, Fz, and Pc) at the same time as maximizing (MRR). The results highlighted the performance of the studied configuration.

In today's world, the sudden increase in greenhouse gases has led to drastic climate changes, primarily caused by thermal power plants, vehicles and industry. As a result, there's an urgent need for innovative, environmentally friendly solutions to generate electricity. Among these green solutions, solar energy stands out, especially through photovoltaic solar panels. In this study, we focused on photovoltaic panels that harness electricity through silicon-based cells. We studied various microscopic physical phenomena that occur in these solar cells using PC1D, a solar cell modeling program widely used in research. In addition, we used PC1D to simulate solar cell performance on various materials such as Si, GaAs and others. Our investigations included the effects of P and N layer concentration, surface texture exposed to sunlight, anti-reflective coatings (ARC), and temperature on solar cell efficiency. The simulations showed an efficiency of 20.81% under certain conditions: P thickness of 200 μm, N thickness of 2 μm, and temperature of 20°C.

To ensure the certainty of results concerning Eigen frequencies values of a rectangular plate resting on the surface of an elastic half-space with inertial properties obtained numerically, verification is achieved by applying the principle of superposition method. To accomplish this operation, one must first determine the signal Tj(t) representing the sum of the amplitudes of the first Eigen modes at a point j of a plate. By applying the previously established signal formula of the modal method over a given time interval, the graph of the searched signal at a centre of any element of the discretized plate can be drawn. By studying the inverse problem of the obtained signal, through the application of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) via an appropriate computer code developed on Mathematica software, enabled spectrum location of the values of the Eigen frequencies of the plate in terms of the magnitude of the FFT. In this study, reading the obtained peaks of the spectrum allowed localization of the values of the first 16 Eigen frequencies of the studied plate. The natural frequency values of the studied plate were successfully verified by the principle of modal superposition.