In today's world, the sudden increase in greenhouse gases has led to drastic climate changes, primarily caused by thermal power plants, vehicles and industry. As a result, there's an urgent need for innovative, environmentally friendly solutions to generate electricity. Among these green solutions, solar energy stands out, especially through photovoltaic solar panels. In this study, we focused on photovoltaic panels that harness electricity through silicon-based cells. We studied various microscopic physical phenomena that occur in these solar cells using PC1D, a solar cell modeling program widely used in research. In addition, we used PC1D to simulate solar cell performance on various materials such as Si, GaAs and others. Our investigations included the effects of P and N layer concentration, surface texture exposed to sunlight, anti-reflective coatings (ARC), and temperature on solar cell efficiency. The simulations showed an efficiency of 20.81% under certain conditions: P thickness of 200 μm, N thickness of 2 μm, and temperature of 20°C.